Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is generally safe; however, the high-pressure, high-oxygen environment may cause certain side effects or adverse reactions in some patients. These side effects occur infrequently and are mostly mild; they can be effectively prevented or alleviated through standardized procedures and close medical monitoring. The primary side effects fall into the following categories:

1. Barotrauma (Most common)

Middle ear barotrauma: During compression or decompression, an imbalance between internal and external ear pressure (often due to poor Eustachian tube function) can cause a sensation of fullness, pain, pressure, or ringing in the ears; severe cases may lead to tympanic membrane congestion or perforation.

Sinus barotrauma: Pressure changes prevent gas within the sinuses from escaping promptly, causing pain in the sinus area or nosebleeds.

Pulmonary barotrauma: Rapid decompression or untreated pneumothorax can cause excessive expansion of gas within the thoracic cavity, potentially leading to lung compression or injury.

2. Oxygen toxicity (Serious but rare)

Prolonged inhalation of high-concentration oxygen (especially under high pressure) can trigger oxygen toxicity. It is classified into central nervous system type (manifesting as facial muscle twitching, nausea/vomiting, blurred vision, hearing loss, seizures, coma, etc.) and pulmonary type (manifesting as substernal pain, coughing, dyspnea, etc.). Strict adherence to medical instructions regarding oxygen exposure duration and pressure can prevent this.

What are the side effects of hyperbaric oxygen chambers?


3. Decompression sickness (Rare)

If decompression within the chamber is too rapid, dissolved gases in the body (such as nitrogen) may form free-floating bubbles instead of remaining dissolved. These bubbles can block blood vessels, causing skin itching, joint pain, and muscle pain; severe cases may lead to gas embolism.

4. Ocular discomfort

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may cause dilation of ocular blood vessels, leading to blurred vision, eye pain, or transient myopia. Long-term treatment courses may disrupt lens metabolism and increase the risk of cataracts.

5. Cardiovascular effects and blood pressure fluctuations

The hyperbaric oxygen environment may induce vasoconstriction or vasodilation, resulting in blood pressure fluctuations (e.g., elevated blood pressure in hypertensive patients, or dizziness and fatigue in hypotensive patients). Some patients may experience a slowing of the heart rate. 6. Respiratory System Reactions

Some patients may experience a slowed respiratory rate or mild respiratory tract discomfort (such as retrosternal discomfort) caused by high oxygen concentrations.

7. Psychological and Neurological Reactions

As hyperbaric oxygen chambers are relatively enclosed spaces, some patients may develop claustrophobia or experience psychological issues such as anxiety and depression.

Some patients may experience mild dizziness or drowsiness following treatment; these symptoms usually resolve on their own.

8. Other Reactions

Some patients may experience mild allergic reactions or minor cellular damage resulting from the generation of excessive free radicals within the body.

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